> An instrument that signifies an ownership position (called equity) in a corporation, and represents a claim on its proportional share in the corporation's assets and profits. Ownership in the company is determined by the number of shares a person owns divided by the total number of shares outstanding. For example, if a company has 1000 shares of stock outstanding and a person owns 50 of them, then he/she owns 5% of the company. Most stock also provides voting rights, which give shareholders a proportional vote in certain corporate decisions. Only a certain type of company called a corporation has stock; other types of companies such as sole proprietorships and limited partnerships do not issue stock. also called equity or equity securities or corporate stock.
Sunday, April 25, 2010
Barclays
Barclays plc is a British financial services firm operating worldwide. It is a holding company that is listed on the London and New York stock exchanges, and was listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange until 2008. It is also a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.
Barclays PLC is ranked as the 25th largest company in the world by Forbes Global 2000 (2008 list). According to Datamonitor, by market share, Barclays is the largest financial services provider globally with $3.7 trillion of assets. It is the second largest bank in the
The bank's headquarters are at One Churchill Place in Canary Wharf, in London's Docklands, having moved there in May 2005 from Lombard Street in the City of London.
Ferrari
Ferrari S.p.A. is a sports car manufacturer based in Maranello, Italy. Founded by Enzo Ferrari in 1929 as Scuderia Ferrari, the company sponsored drivers and manufactured race cars before moving into production of street-legal vehicles in 1947 as Ferrari S.p.A.. Throughout its history, the company has been noted for its continued participation in racing, especially in Formula One, where it has enjoyed great success.
GSM-Mobile
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for mobile telephony systems in the world. The GSM Association, its promoting industry trade organization of mobile phone carriers and manufacturers, estimates that 80% of the global mobile market uses the standard.[1] GSM is used by over 3 billion people across more than 212 countries and territories.[2][3] Its ubiquity enables international roaming arrangements between mobile phone operators, providing subscribers the use of their phones in many parts of the world. GSM differs from its predecessor technologies in that both signaling and speech channels are digital, and thus GSM is considered a second generation (2G) mobile phone system. This also facilitates the wide-spread implementation of data communication applications into the system.
The ubiquity of implementation of the GSM standard has been an advantage to both consumers, who may benefit from the ability to roam and switch carriers without replacing phones, and also to network operators, who can choose equipment from many GSM equipment vendors. GSM also pioneered low-cost implementation of the short message service (SMS), also called text messaging, which has since been supported on other mobile phone standards as well. The standard includes a worldwide emergency telephone number feature (112).
Newer versions of the standard were backward-compatible with the original GSM system. For example, Release '97 of the standard added packet data capabilities by means of General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). Release '99 introduced higher speed data transmission using Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE).
CDMA-Mobile
Code division multiple access (CDMA) is a channel access method utilized by various radio communication technologies. It should not be confused with the mobile phone standards called cdma One and CDMA2000CDMA), which use CDMA as an underlying channel access method. (which are often referred to as simply
One of the basic concepts in data communication is the idea of allowing several transmitters to send information simultaneously over a single communication channel. This allows several users to share a bandwidth of different frequencies. This concept is called multiplexing. CDMA employs spread-spectrum technology and a special coding scheme (where each transmitter is assigned a code) to allow multiple users to be multiplexed over the same physical channel. By contrast, time division multiple access (TDMA) divides access by time, while frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) divides it by frequency. CDMA is a form of spread-spectrum signaling, since the modulated coded signal has a much higher data bandwidth than the data being communicated.
An analogy to the problem of multiple access is a room (channel) in which people wish to communicate with each other. To avoid confusion, people could take turns speaking (time division), speak at different pitches (frequency division), or speak in different languages (code division). CDMA is analogous to the last example where people speaking the same language can understand each other, but not other people. Similarly, in radio CDMA, each group of users is given a shared code. Many codes occupy the same channel, but only users associated with a particular code can understand each other.
Bluetooth
Bluetooth is a proprietary open wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances (using short length radio waves) from fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area networks (PANs) with high levels of security. Invented by telecoms vendor Ericsson in 1994, it was originally conceived as a wireless alternative to RS-232 data cables. It can connect several devices, overcoming problems of synchronization. Today Bluetooth is managed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group.
Nokia in brief
At Nokia, we are committed to connecting people. We combine advanced technology with personalized services that
enable people to stay close to what matters to them. Every day, more than 1.2 billion people connect to one another
with a Nokia device – from mobile phones to advanced smartphones and high-performance mobile computers. Today,
Nokia is integrating its devices with innovative services through Ovi (www.ovi.com), including music, maps, apps, email
and more. Nokia's NAVTEQ is a leader in comprehensive digital mapping and navigation services, while Nokia Siemens
Networks provides equipment, services and solutions for communications networks globally.
2009 facts and figures
• Head office in Finland; R&D, production, sales, marketing activities around the world
• World’s #1 manufacturer of mobile devices
• Mobile device volumes 432 million units
• Reported net sales EUR 41.0 billion
• Reported operating profit EUR 1.2 billion
• 123 553 employees at year end (including Nokia Siemens Networks)
• Strong R&D presence in 16 countries
• R&D investment EUR 5.9 billion
• 37 020 employees in R&D (approximately 30% of workforce, including Nokia Siemens Networks)
• Sales in over 160 countries
with a Nokia device – from mobile phones to advanced smartphones and high-performance mobile computers. Today,
Nokia is integrating its devices with innovative services through Ovi (www.ovi.com), including music, maps, apps, email
and more. Nokia's NAVTEQ is a leader in comprehensive digital mapping and navigation services, while Nokia Siemens
Networks provides equipment, services and solutions for communications networks globally.
2009 facts and figures
• Head office in Finland; R&D, production, sales, marketing activities around the world
• World’s #1 manufacturer of mobile devices
• Mobile device volumes 432 million units
• Reported net sales EUR 41.0 billion
• Reported operating profit EUR 1.2 billion
• 123 553 employees at year end (including Nokia Siemens Networks)
• Strong R&D presence in 16 countries
• R&D investment EUR 5.9 billion
• 37 020 employees in R&D (approximately 30% of workforce, including Nokia Siemens Networks)
• Sales in over 160 countries
Nokia organization
• Devices is responsible for developing and managing our portfolio of mobile devices, which we make for all
major consumer segments.
• Services designs and develops Internet services that enrich the experience people have with their mobile
devices and the web. Messaging, music, maps, media as well as Ovi developer tools are key focus areas as we
continue to expand our services offering to consumers and create opportunities for developers and content
providers.
• Solutions is responsible for driving Nokia's offering of solutions, where the mobile device, personalized
services and content are integrated into a unique and compelling package for the consumer. The unit is tasked
with concepting and creating such solutions.
• Markets manages our supply chains, sales channels, brand and marketing activities and is responsible for
delivering our devices, services and solutions to the consumer.
• Corporate Development provides operational support to Devices, Services, Solutions and Markets, and is also
responsible for exploring corporate strategic and future growth opportunities.
• Nokia Siemens Networks provides wireless and fixed network infrastructure, communications and networks
service platforms, as well as professional services to operators and service providers.
• NAVTEQ is a leading provider of comprehensive digital map data for automotive navigation systems, mobile
navigation devices, Internet-based mapping applications, and government and business solutions. NAVTEQ's
map data will be an important part of the Nokia Maps service that brings downloadable maps, voice-guided
navigation and other context-aware web services to people's pockets.
Wikipedia
Wikipedia (pronounced /ˌwɪkɨˈpiːdi.ə/ WIK-i-PEE-dee-ə) is a multilingual, web-based, free-content encyclopedia project based on an openly-editable model. The name "Wikipedia" is a portmanteau of the words wiki (a technology for creating collaborative websites, from the Hawaiian word wiki, meaning "quick") and encyclopedia. Wikipedia's articles provide links to guide the user to related pages with additional information.
Wikipedia is written collaboratively by largely anonymous Internet volunteers who write without pay. Anyone with Internet access can write and make changes to Wikipedia articles (except in certain cases where editing is restricted to prevent disruption and/or vandalism). Users can contribute anonymously, under a pseudonym, or with their real identity, if they choose, though the latter is discouraged for safety reasons. The Wikipedia community has developed many policies and guidelines to improve the encyclopedia; however, it is not a formal requirement to be familiar with them before contributing. Since its creation in 2001, Wikipedia has grown rapidly into one of the largest reference web sites, attracting nearly 68 million visitors monthly as of January 2010. There are more than 91,000 active contributors working on more than 15,000,000 articles in more than 270 languages. As of today, there are 3,270,934 articles in English. Every day, hundreds of thousands of visitors from around the world collectively make tens of thousands of edits and create thousands of new articles to augment the knowledge held by the Wikipedia encyclopedia.
Every contribution may be reviewed or changed. The expertise or qualifications of the user are usually not considered. This is possible since Wikipedia's intent is to cover existing knowledge which is verifiable from other sources; original research and ideas are therefore excluded. People of all ages and cultural and social backgrounds can write Wikipedia articles as most of the articles can be edited by anyone with access to the Internet simply by clicking the edit this page link (found at the top of every editable page). Anyone is welcome to add information, cross-references, or citations, as long as they do so within Wikipedia's editing policies and to an appropriate standard. Substandard or disputed information is subject to removal. Users need not worry about accidentally damaging Wikipedia when adding or improving information, as other editors is always around to advise or correct obvious errors, and Wikipedia's software is carefully designed to allow easy reversal of editorial mistakes.
Because Wikipedia is a massive live collaboration, it differs from a paper-based reference source in important ways. In particular, older articles tend to be more comprehensive and balanced, while newer articles more frequently contain significant misinformation, unencyclopedic content, or vandalism. Users need to be aware of this to obtain valid information and avoid misinformation that has been recently added and not yet removed However, unlike a paper reference source, Wikipedia is continually updated, with the creation or updating of articles on historic events within hours, minutes, or even seconds, rather than months or years for printed encyclopedias.
Wikipedia is written collaboratively by largely anonymous Internet volunteers who write without pay. Anyone with Internet access can write and make changes to Wikipedia articles (except in certain cases where editing is restricted to prevent disruption and/or vandalism). Users can contribute anonymously, under a pseudonym, or with their real identity, if they choose, though the latter is discouraged for safety reasons. The Wikipedia community has developed many policies and guidelines to improve the encyclopedia; however, it is not a formal requirement to be familiar with them before contributing. Since its creation in 2001, Wikipedia has grown rapidly into one of the largest reference web sites, attracting nearly 68 million visitors monthly as of January 2010. There are more than 91,000 active contributors working on more than 15,000,000 articles in more than 270 languages. As of today, there are 3,270,934 articles in English. Every day, hundreds of thousands of visitors from around the world collectively make tens of thousands of edits and create thousands of new articles to augment the knowledge held by the Wikipedia encyclopedia.
Every contribution may be reviewed or changed. The expertise or qualifications of the user are usually not considered. This is possible since Wikipedia's intent is to cover existing knowledge which is verifiable from other sources; original research and ideas are therefore excluded. People of all ages and cultural and social backgrounds can write Wikipedia articles as most of the articles can be edited by anyone with access to the Internet simply by clicking the edit this page link (found at the top of every editable page). Anyone is welcome to add information, cross-references, or citations, as long as they do so within Wikipedia's editing policies and to an appropriate standard. Substandard or disputed information is subject to removal. Users need not worry about accidentally damaging Wikipedia when adding or improving information, as other editors is always around to advise or correct obvious errors, and Wikipedia's software is carefully designed to allow easy reversal of editorial mistakes.
Because Wikipedia is a massive live collaboration, it differs from a paper-based reference source in important ways. In particular, older articles tend to be more comprehensive and balanced, while newer articles more frequently contain significant misinformation, unencyclopedic content, or vandalism. Users need to be aware of this to obtain valid information and avoid misinformation that has been recently added and not yet removed However, unlike a paper reference source, Wikipedia is continually updated, with the creation or updating of articles on historic events within hours, minutes, or even seconds, rather than months or years for printed encyclopedias.
The Definition of Online Recruitment
Online recruitment is the process of matching people to appropriate jobs, using the Internet. The most common form of online recruitment is the advertisement of job openings on job sites and corporate sites. Online Recruitment may generate a lot of responses, but simply attracting large numbers of potential candidates is only part of the online recruitment process.
Reach
- Posting job vacancies on the Internet reaches a wider audience than posting advertising vacancies in print media. When a message is delivered to a larger number of people, there is a higher likelihood that some of the respondents will be ideal for a particular job. But it also means that an effective sorting tool must be in place to determine which candidates are ideal, because manually sorting through the hundreds of applications will be time-consuming and expensive.
Speed
- It is theoretically possible to interview prospects within a day of advertising the job online. This speed is a boon for companies that experience seasonal bursts of activity, needing to recruit staff for the extra workload, and to cover for sickness and staff shortages, in as little as 48 hours.
Cost
- Online recruitment may be very cost-effective if the process is planned. Job suppliers can save on time, design and print charges by selecting specific platforms (websites) for the vacancy advertisements. With proper research and planning, companies may learn which websites are likely to attract audience groups that the company is looking to hire from. Along with the initial advertising process, companies can also cut costs by automating pre-selection processes that would otherwise have to be carried out by HR personnel.
Media Buying
- Media buying entails getting someone to place the job vacancy advertisements on desired websites, and to negotiate the media rates. Online media buying may be a tricky affair if the advertiser does not understand the market for the message being delivered; for example, a vacancy advertisement for a hairstylist is not likely to attract suitable candidates if it is posted in a site mainly known for hardware specialists. The main objective of efficient media buying is to ensure that the ad yields an adequate number of suitable candidates, rather than a large number of unsuitable candidates.
Interaction
Online recruitment allows for appropriate interaction with candidates. Since the process is personal and direct, questions are addressed quickly, and there is unimpeded flow of information from both sides. Online recruitment brings employers close to potential employees, and when an application is not suitable for the position applied for, companies can retain the resume in their database for future openings that may be right for the applicant.
Definition of music
How to define music has long been the subject of debate; philosophers, musicians, and, more recently, various social and natural scientists have argued about what constitutes music. The definition has varied through history, in different regions, and within societies. Definitions vary as music, like art, is a subjectively perceived phenomenon. Its definition has been tackled by philosophers of art, lexicographers, composers, music critics, musicians, semioticians or semiologists, linguists, sociologists, and neurologists. Music may be defined according to various criteria including organization, pleasantness, intent, social construction, perceptual processes and engagement, universal aspects or family resemblances, and through contrast or negative definition.
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